Method of and means fos extruding brass and like materiai



Jan. 1s

W. R. WEBSTER METHOD GF' AND MEANS FOR EXTRUFIHH- BRASS AND LIKE MATERIAL Filed June U 2Q 5 3 Sheets-Sheet Patented Jan. l, 1924.

UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM R. WEBSTER,@)F BRIDGEPORT. CONNECTICUT.

METHOD F AND MEANS FCR HXTRUDING BRASS AND LIKE MATERIAL.

Application ined :une s. 192e. serial no. 566214.

To all whom it muy; concern Be it known that l, runnin ll. ll'nns'ri-zn,

a citizen of the United States, rcsidinr in Bridgeport, county of'Fairlield, and tate Il ol Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of and Means for Extruding Brass and like Material, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to the extrusion of metal and more particularly to an extrusion process in which a heated metal billet `is placed in a suitable container or receiver and extruded therefrom through a die.

It is common practice in the extrusion of metal to accomplish the extrusion process by means of a machine provided with a movable extrusion ram which enters one end of the billet container and is moved therethrough to extrude the metal through the other end. The die is placed against the end of the container through which the` m'etal is extruded and is held thcreagainst by a suitable die backing, the die and container normally being held in a stationary position while the movable rain is Vforced through the container to extrude the metal through the die. It will thus be apparent that m this process a relative motion is :iosbrought about between the die and container on the one hand and the movable ram on the other, the two former elements normally remaining fixed While the latter is moved.

It 'is found thaty when a brass billet, is exi-- traded by the process outlined above or processes similar thereto, the last portion of the rod (assumin that a rod is being extruded throu h t e die) to leave the die contains a, characteristic defect which is practically always present. lThis defect is normally present in perhaps the last 25 to per cent of the extruded rod, so that a considerable loss is entailed as this portion of the rod is not usable, and, as stated above, comprises one-fourth or more of the ex- `truded length. This defect appears as a flaw or pipe in thc inner part ol the extruded product, consisting usually of foreign material ,distributed in the general form of a tube,y approximately co-axial with the rod. v

The occurrence of this detect` as explained in m application, Serial No. 508.669, filed (loto er 19, 1921, is thoiight. to be due to the fact that the outer skin of the billet. becomes chilled by contact with the periphery of the container bore and flows less readily than the inner part of the billet and consequently advances toward the billot axis and is carried forward and inward hy the flow ol the metal through the die thus forming the pipc". .is also explained in my prior application. this defect may be largelyr eliminated if the extrusion process is carried out by producinley a movement ol the die relatively to the billet container and ram instead of h v the usual process outlined above t has been discovered, however, that when a metal billet is extruded in accordance with the process described in my prior application, certain defects will under some conditions appear on the exterior surface of the extruded rod. This is apt to he the caso .vherc the billet to he extruded has a poor or inipcrfccl surface. ln order` therefore. to permit thc use oF a billet of this character and still to avoid the pipe or like defects found in rods extruded by former methods, the present invention contemplates the extrusion of a portion of the billet (usually the til-st portion) by theformer process. wherein the rain is moved relatively to the billet container and die, and the extrusion of the rcniainder by the process outlined in my previous application1 wherein the ram and billet container are both moved relatively to the dic` Qne objecty of my invention. therefore, is to overcome the disadvantages formerly encountered1 by the provision of a new and improved process of ertruding metal such that the extruded work will not contain defects or iaws even where a billet having a noticeably imperfect surface is used. Y

Another ob'ect is to provide a new and improved niet oil of extruding a metal billct such thatl practically the entire billet may be enti-titled without the formation of olijertional'ilc internal or external flaws or defects in the extruded work.

Another object is to provide an improved and commercially practicable process of eX- trudinoj metal wherein during a art of the operation the billet, is moved re atively to the billet container and during another part of the operation the billet and billet container are moved together relatively to the die, these two phases being so coordinated as to produce the int satisfactory results from a nisnufecuring standpoint.

A still further object el my invention is to provide e. new end improved extrusion machine for carrying out the process outlined above. More Specifically the invention contemplates a simple, eflicient machine comprising means designed for first roducing a relative movement between t e rem and billetconteiner and thereafter produc ing a relative rnorennen'i*y between the die on the one band and biilet conininer and rein on the other.

To these and other ends the invention eonsiss in the norei features and combinations of parte to be hereinafter described und claimed.

n the accompanying dressings:

Fig. 1 is e side elevoiionsl vieni of an extrusion machine for carrying out my irnproved process the parts being in position to receive a billet to be extruded;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 2r-i2 of Fig 1; I

ig. 3 is a top plan view of the machine. some parts being shown in section;

Fig. is a longitudinal sectional View of the machine. the ports being shown in the position oecupied et the beginning of the extrusion operation;

Fig. 5 is e transverse sectional Viewv ou line 5 5 of Fig. el;

Fig. 6 is s secionsi view on line 6 6 of Fi 4;

ig T is u sectioned Fi .4;

ig. is e fragmentary longitudinal sectional view showing the position occupied by the parts prior to the positioning of the billet in the container; and

Figs. 9 to 14 are views similar tokFig. 8 showing different stages in the extrusion peration.

As has been stated above, ihe preseui` processes for extruding' brass end similar metals Yere very wiistefuh us the scrapping of e quarter or more of the extruded work 1s ordinarily unavoidable on account of the defects appearing: iherein. As a result of attempts lo prevent this Weste. l have discovered ibut -when n per? of." the extrusion operaion is accomplished by the movement 'of the extrusion rem imo the billet rontoiner, and the remainder produced by 'e relative movement between the container and the diel substantially the entire billet muy be extruded Withoueny defect appearingr in the extruded work. By means of this process the chilled exterior surfsre of the billet. which in extrusion methods in use et the present` time forms e defect in the extruded rod` remains in the small stump or stub which is left in ihr mntniner et the end Aof the operation. il uwill be apparent that u very groei saving is thereby achieved.

The machine which I have selected to illus trete he carrying out of my improved Inehods comprises end frames 1) end 11 which may be supported upon suitable base blocks 12 and 13 and connected. by tie rods 14, 15 and 16, iliree in number as shown. The frame 1H is provided with a fluid cylinder 1.7 in which is mounted a piston 18 dosigned to furnish the power for the extrusion operation, The pressure fluid may be admitted tothe cylinder 17 through the pipe 19.

To the forward end of the piston 18 is secured e crossbcad or carriage 2U provided with boerin fs 2i, 22 end 23 adapted to engage end slideby mount the carriage upon the tie rods 14, 15 and 16. As shown, the carriage is provided with e. reduced projecting portion 24 et its rear side designed to enter the bore Q of the piston to suitably connect the tivo for movement together. At the front of the crossdiead is mounted a plunger or ram 26 adapted to enter the receiving bore 27 oi' the billet container 28. This ram or plunger is preferably slightly greater in length than the receiving bore 2i' so that after the extrusion process has been completed, the remaining stump or sprue muy be expelled. by relative movement of the )longer and container.

The 1billet container 28 is carried by and mounted within e movable carriage 29 which is Siidably mounted upon the two lower tie rods and 16 by means of bearings 30 and 3i. To the carriage 29 are connected a pair of rods 32 and 33, these rods being continuations 'of two pistons 34 mounted in cylinders and 36 carried by the frame 10 upon opposite sides of the cylinder 17. The cylinders and 36 ere provided with fluid supply pipes 37, 38, 39 und 40 for admitting fluid pressure upon either side of the pistons` 34 in order to drive the pistonsin o posite directions. It will be"epperent tliat b proper control of the fluid pressure throu these pipes, the pistons` together with t e container carriage, and container, may be moved in either direction lengthwise of the tic rods 15 und 16. Y

Upon the end frame 1.1 is mounted a frame or standard 41 having an arm 43 which carries a vertically disposed cylinder 44 hav` ing pressure supply pipes 45 and 46 to admit fluid pressure upon either side of a piston 47. To the iston 47 is connected a rod 48 extending ownwardly toward the tie rod 14. A pair of bell crank levers 49 und 5G are mounted upon the tie* rod 14 by the provision of collars 51 and 52 surrounding this rod, the upper arms 53 and 54 of these levers heini;v connected to the rod 48 for operation t ereby by a pair of toggle links b5 and 5G pivoted to he rod at their u per ende and lo the sirius 53 and 54 at t ir lower ends. The other arms 57 and 58 of the bail crank levers project downwardly from the tie rod 14 and calry upon their lower ends a pair 'of cooperating semi-cylindrical spacing jaws 59 and 60 which cooperate when in operative position to forni a cylindrical spacingcollar about a hollow rain 64 to be hereinafter described. Upon referring to Figs. 111 4 and 7, it will be apparent. that when pressure fluid is admitted below the piston 47 and the latter moved to the upper end of the cylinder 44. the to gle links 55 and 56 will assume a vertica position, as shown in Fig. 1, and spread the spacing jaws 59 and 60, as shown in that figure, the jaws being swung away from the ram, On the other hand` when pressure is admitted above the piston 4? and the latter forced downwardl the toggle members will be urged towar a horizontal position, as shown in Figs. 4 and 7 and the spacing jaws will be moved to embrace the ram. i

In the end frame 11 is provided a longi tudinally disposed opening or bore 6l, `which receives a reduced rearwardly projecting cylindrical portion 62 of a rain carrying head 63 ciirrying upon its opposite side the rain 64. Upon the end of the rain is provided a die seat 65 in which is mounted a die (i6 having a bore 67 through which the metal liillct is adapted to be extruded. In this instance the die carrying ram is preferably provided with a longitudinal bore 68 through which the extruded work may pass.

Although it may not always be necessary in the carrying out of my im roved process, I prefer to provide spacing locks to surround the rain 26 in order to li'mit its movement toward the container 28. For this lpurpose a frame or standard 70 is mounted upon the carriage 20, the standard consisting of a pair of spaced le s 71 and 72 extending upwardly upon either side of the tie rod 14 and converging to form an arm 73 upon which is mounted a vertically disposed cglinder 74 having p essure supply pipes 5 and 76 to admit uid pressure upon either side of a piston 77. lo the piston 7,7 is connected a rod 78 ex tending downwardly through the end of the cylinder. A pair of bell crank levers 79 and 80 are mounted u on the tie rod 14 by the provision of col ars 81 and 82 surrounding this rod, the upper arms 83 and. 84 of these levers being connected to the rod 78 for operation thereby hy a air of toggle links 85 and 86 pivoted to t e rod at their upper ends and to the arms 83 and 84 at their lower ends. The remaining arms 87 and 88 of the hell crank levers roject downwardly and carry upon t ieir lower ends a air of cooperating semicylindrical spacing jaws 89 and 90, which cooperate when in operative sition to form a cylindrical spacin co ar about the plunger orram 26. T e operation of these sparing juus h v incaus of the piston 7T is precisely as explained in connection with the spacing jaws 59 and till.

'l'hc operation of :uy device is :is` follows:

rlissiuning that the parts are io iinx posi- .4T is moved downwardly, as shown iu ifig.

L and the spacing colli-irs 5f) and (il) :irc iiioved to embrace the hollow die carrying rain so as to limit the nioveinentof the billet container toward the left. The width ,of the spacin collars,l as shown, is slightly less than the ength of the hollow die carrying rain, so that this ram will einer the contziiner llore to sonic extent. although the proportions inay he varied :is desired. lt will be obvious, of course, that the length of this rain will depend u on the iiroportion of the entire process willich is to be carried out during u relative iiioveuient of the container and die, rl-he parts then being in the position sho'wn in Fw. 9, the extrusion o eration is be un by the admission af Hui pressure tothe cylinder 17 and the carriage 20 is moved to the left, carrying with it the plunger 26`and the frame 70. This o eration is continued until as milch of the bil et is extruded as it is desired to extrude by the movement of the ram relatively to the billet container, as shown in Fig 10. By the. admission of fluid pres-- sure to t e pfipes 46 and 75, the spacing jaws 5S) and $0 are then withdrawn from their position embracing the ram 64 und the spacing collars 89 and Hilaire brought into position about the plun Q6 between the carringe 2O and the illet contaiier 28, as shown in Fig. 11. Pressure is again ad mittcd to the cylinder-l7 undv the remainder of the billet extruded, as shown 'in Fi During this art of the process the illet container andpplunger have moved together relatively to the die carrying reni 64, the container being pushed forward with the plunger by the spacing jaws 89 and 90. The die carrying rain during this stage of the process enters the bore of the billet con tainer` the other end oF which is sealed b v the plunger :lli and the remainder of the billet is extruded through the opening in the dic and thc hollow die carrying rain, as shown in Fig. 12. and the movement is continui-d until i'iractically the entire hillet is extruded. a small stump 92 remaining in the container. The spacing jaws 89 and 90 are now moved upwardly into inopcrallf lU in tive position and the container 28 is moved toward the right by means of the pistons 32 and as shown in Fig. 13. As the plunger 26 remains stationary during this part of the operation, the stump 92 1s cxpelled from the container.

The motion of the container is now continued toward the right by means of the piston rods 32 and 33, the container carryg with it the plunger 26 and cross-head 20 to the extreme right hand position shown in Fig. 14. The stump 92 may now be severed from the extruded rod immediately adjacent the face of the die and the parts are in position to receive another billet, as shown in Fig. 8.

As previously indicated, it will not always be necessary, when the parts are in the position shown in Fi l0, and it is desired to move the ram an billet container together thereafter, to throw the spacing jaws 89 and 90 into operative position between the crossei head Q0 and the container, as the movement of the plunger 26 after the spacing blocks 59 and 60 have been Withdrawn will carry the container over the hollow die carrying ram due to the frictional resistance of the billet a ainst the periphery of the container bore. t will be understood, therefore, that my improved extrusion process may be ac complished either with or without the use of the spacing blocks 89 and 90.

I have found that in my improved process the interior flaw or pipe encountered in the product resulting from the process which has heretofore been common practice is practically eliminated and that the exterior or surface defects encountered under certain conditions in the method described in my previous application above referred to are also completely avoided. It will be obvious, therefore, that a great saving is accomplished by the present method of extrusion and a product is reduced which ie practically free from efe-cts or flaws. While the roportion ofl the billet which is extruded lay .the first part of the resent process, that is by the movement of t e ram relativelyl to the billet container, may be varied as desired, in ractice I have found it ex edient to extru e approximately twotbir s of the billet in'.this manner before the spacing jaws 59 and 60 are removed. In other words, the part which is extruded during the first part of the present process is a proximately, that part of the billet whic could be extruded in the ordinary way without the appearance of defects in the extruded element.

It will. of course, be obvious that the extrusion is produced by a relative movement between the die on the one hand andthe plunger on the other, and while in the device shown in the drawings 'the die is represented as a fixed element and the plunger as a movable element, it may sometimes be found expedient to arrange the structure so that the die is movable and the plunger remains stationary. The same relative movement and, therefore, the same result could be accomplished-in this manner.

While I have shown and described my improved method and machine as applied to extrusion of brass rods, it will be apparent that l do not intend to limit myself to this particular use of my invention, which may be varied in many details without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the a pended claims. My improved method is, o course, equallyapplieable to the extrusion of copper alloys other thanbrass and other metals that are placed in suitable condition for extruding by the a plication of heat to the billet. It will obvious that my invention is not limited to a device employing a die seated in a recess in the ram, as a suitable die may merely be placed between the ram and the billet or a hollow ram alone may be used without the employment of a separate die, the die being constituted in effect by the end of the ram.

What I claim is:

1. In a metal extruding machine, a frame, a billet container movably mounted thereon, means to limit the movement of the billet container in one direction, said means being capable of being rendered inoperative to permit movement of the container.

2. A. metal extruding machine comprising a movable billet container, means for extruding a billet therefrom, and movably mounted means to limit the movement of the billet container in one direction.

3. A vmetal extruding machine comprising a movable billet container and means for extruding a billet therefrom, means to limit the movement of the billet container in one direction, and means to move said limiting means to inoperative position.

4. A metal extruding machine including a pair of end frames, tie rods connecting the end frames, a billet container movably mounted on said tie rods, and a stop movable in and out of position between one' face of the billet container and the adjacent end frame to limit the movement of the container toward the frame.

5. A metal extruding machine including a billet container, a ram for extruding a billet therefrom, stop means movable to position to prevent movement of the ciontainer, and means to move said stop means to inoperative position to permit the con tainer to be moved by the ram.

6. An extrusion machine including a billet container, and means for extruding a portionof a billet therefrom while ermittin relative movement between the lliilletian the container and extruding the remainder of the billet therefrom by preventing rela.-

tive movement between the billet and the container.

7 Ainwextrussion meohine including a billet container, e. die cooperating therewith, menus to extrudc a portion of u billet through the die while preventing relative movement between the container und die and to hold the remainder of the billet within the container While producing relative movement between the container and die to cxtrude said billet remainder.

8. Au extrusion machine including e billet container havin e billet receiving bore, e plunger @inepto to enter one end of the Vbore, n die adapted to enter the opposite end of the bore, end menne for producing relative movement between the plunger and container during e port ol.' the extrusion prrr cess and producing relative movement bctween the die und container for the remainder of the extrusion process.

9. An extrusion machine including a, billet container havin e billet receiving bore, a.

longer edu te to enter one cud of the loro.y e lic utlopted to enter the opposite enel of the bore, und ineens for #reducing reletive movement between the plunger end con` telnor during;f the first part of the extrusion process and producing relative movement between the die undconteiner during the last part of the extrusion recess.

l0. ,An extrusion machine including a billet container havin(ir a billet receiving bore, n plunger nde ted to enter one end of the bore, e hollow ie carrying rem adapted to enter the opposite cmi of the bore, and means to reuse seid plunger to enter the bore of the billet container during a peil. of the extrusion operation end to thi'oot the die carrying rein into the bore of the billet conn teiner cloning another part of vthe extrusion operation.

il. An extrusion machine including u billet contniner, a plunger and die coo ernting therewith, Ineens for p oducing re etive movement between the ph nger and die to extiude the billet, and moans to cause rele.- tive movement between the container :md plunger during e part of the operation und between the container and die` during unother part of the operation.

12. An extrusion machine comprising e. billet container, a plunger and die cooperating therewith, means to move the plunger relatively to the die to cxtrudc u billet` therethrou rhg und menus to cause relative move ment et'wicn the container end 'ilungei dui ing e part of the extrusion procese end to cause the cuiituincr und Hunger to move together during the remeiuder oli the untrue sion invece-es.

13. .An extrusion machine comprising o billet` container, :i die colglperutingY with one end thereof, e plunger, menue to more finiti plunger thraiuuli the billet contain-etto nl the die lering e puit of the extrusion process and lo move the billet container and plunger as e unit toward the die during the remainder of the extrusion process.

14. An extruding machine comprising n billet container, n plunger and die cooper ing therewith, means to move the plunwer through the billet container toward the die to extrudo a billet through the latter and Ineens to limit the movement of the plunger toward the billet container.

15. An extrusion machine comprising u billet container, n plunger und die cooperatimVir hcrewith, means to enti-nde a portion of e.. illet thiough the die While limiting the movement between the container and die, and vfor extruding the remainder of the billet while limiting movement between the plunger and the container.

16. In an extrusion machine, a billet container, a plunger and die cooperatin therewith and means for movin both sai pluner and die e substantial isterica into the gore of the billet container to complete the cxtrueion of e billet throu h the die.

17. An extruding mac ine including o pair of end frames, tie rods connectingthe end frames, a billet container movably mounted on the tie rods, stop mechanism carried by one of the tie rods and ada ted to be moved into position between one ace of the billet container and the adjacent end frame.

18. An extrusion machine com rising a billet container, n, plun er designe to enter the container boi'e, nog stop mechanism to limit the cntry'of the plun er Within the bore, seid stop mechanism eing designed to permit the )longer to move et least half wey through l. e eontainen 19. The method of cetrudnT metal which consists in placing it in a` billet container and, extruding it through u. die While producing relative movement between the billet and container during a part of the extrusion operation and preventing such movement during another perl; of the extrusion operution. i

20. The method of ext-ruding a heated metal billet which comprises inserting it in a, bore in a suitable container, positioning o die et one end of the billet and extruding a, portion of it through the die by roducmg; relative' movement between the billet and the container'end extruding the remainder while holding the billet against movement in the container.

21. The method of cxtruding a heated billet which comprises inserting it in a bore in a, suitable container and moving it therethrough toward e, die for e port of the extrusion process and producing a, relativo adveneing movenieni` between the die :ind con` telnor for mother perl of the extrusion promos i lic 22. A method of extruding a. heat/ed metal billet which comprises inserting it in a bore in a. suitable container, positioning a plunger at one end of the bore and a die at the other end of the bore advancing the plunger into the container for a part of the extrusion process and advancing the die into the container during the remainder of the process.

23. The method of extruding a heated metal billet which comprises plaein the billet in a container and alternating vancing a. plunger into one end of the container bore and a die into the opposite end.

24. The method of extruding a heated metal billet which comprises inserting it in a' suitable container and extruding the billet throu h a die by advancing a plunger part Way trough a container bore and a die into the container bore Afor substantially the `remainder of the length thereof.

25. The method of extrndina' a healed metal billet which comprises plot-ing' the billet in the bore of e. suitable container and advancing a plunger and a die into opposite ends of the container' bore. reepectivoly.

26. The method of extrnding a heated `metal billet which comprises placing the billet in a Suitable container and extruding it throu h a die while preventing pipe and sur ace defects in the extruded work.

27. In an extrusion machine, eV movably mounted billet container and a removable stop for limiting movement of seid con teiner.

28. An extrusion machine comprising a billet container, a plunger and die cooperl atin therewith, means to extrude ai portion of t e billet through the die while limiting movement between the container end die and for extruding another portion of the billet while permitting movement between the container and die.

29. An extrusion machine comprising a. billet container, a plun r movable therethrough to extrude a bi et contained therein, and means to limit the extruding movement of the plunger through the container.

30. An extrusion machine comprising a billet container. a plunger and die coopernt ing therewith, said plunger being movable through the bore of the container, ineens to limit the movement of the container during; an extruding movement of the plunger through the container bore. moans to limitJ the extrnding movement of the plunger., and means to withdraw the first named limiting means from operative position and permit movement' of the container.

3l. The method of extruding a. heated metal billet, which comprises iifieertinnr it in the bore of a suitable container, and ext rmling more than half olq the billet through a die by advancing a plunger into one cnil of the container here, and extrnding the remainder ol thc billet by advancing the die into the opposite end of the container here.

32. The method of extruding a heated metal billet, which comprises placing the hot billet in a container, and entrnding a porK tion of it by thrusting a plunger into the container bore against one end of the billet. and extruding another portion by foreing into 'the billet a hollow ram.

The method of extruding n heated metal billet, which comprises placing: a het billet in e container and extruding'a portion of it through a. die while preventing relative movement between the container and. die7 extruding a further portion of the billet While preventing relative movement between the conteiner and the nnextrudetl part of the billet, and then producing rela tive movement between the container and. stump to strip the letter..

34. The method of extrnding e lit-ated metal Billet, which :omprises placing the billet in a nitable container, and extruding more than alf of it therefrom bv a more? ment of the billet through the container, and then extrudingwsr .fnrther portion of the billet while preventing reltl'vo movement of the billet and container.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 2nd of June., 1922.

WILLIAM R. WEBSTER 

